Kshanti or Khanti: The Practice of Patience

Kshanti, or khanti in Pali, is a fundamental concept in both Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism, representing patience, forbearance, and forgiveness. It is regarded as one of the perfections (pāramitā) to be cultivated on the path to enlightenment.

Definition and Practice:

Kshanti entails the conscious choice to exercise patience and forbearance towards behaviors or situations that may not warrant such tolerance. It is not merely enduring suffering passively but actively giving patience as a gift, regardless of the circumstances.

Canonical Sources:

Examples from the Pāli canon illustrate the application of forbearance in response to various challenging situations, including anger, betrayal, torture, and even fatal assaults. These instances highlight the importance of maintaining equanimity and compassion in the face of adversity.

Dhammapada Verses:

Kshanti is prominently featured in the Dhammapada, a collection of verses attributed to the Buddha. In verse 184, it is extolled as the foremost austerity, emphasizing its significance in the spiritual path. The verse underscores that true renunciation involves patient endurance rather than causing harm to others.

Another verse, number 399, praises the one who remains unangered in the face of insults, assaults, and imprisonment. Such a person is described as possessing the strength of forbearance, which is considered the hallmark of a genuine spiritual seeker.

Conclusion:

Kshanti serves as a guiding principle for Buddhist practitioners, reminding them to cultivate patience and forgiveness in all aspects of life. By embracing kshanti, individuals can transcend the cycle of reactivity and develop greater resilience, compassion, and wisdom on the path towards liberation.